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A Table of Archaeology Discoveries
*Indicates actual human remains found and dated

Site and place	Time before Present (BP)
*The Pyramids Egypt	4,700 (a base line)
Mounds Eastern United States	4,200
*Olmec Pyramids Mexico	3,200
*The Windover People Titusville, Florida	8,100
*Kennewick Man Washington State	9,300
Old Crow Site Old Crow, Yukon	20,000
Bluefish Caves Old Crow, Yukon	13,000
Cactus Hill Virginia	15,500
Meadowcroft Pennsylvania	19,600
Manix Basin California	18,000
Monte Verde Chile	15,000
Clovis New Mexico	11,600
Wendover Utah	11,000
Gypsum Cave Nevada	10,500
Sandia Culture New Mexico	10,000
Folsom New Mexico	10,000
*The Ice Man Italian Alps	4,500

Early Human Species

Neanderthal                           200,000 to 35,000 BP
*Cro Magnon                          32,000
Modern Man (Homo Sapien) 50,000 BP to Present
 

    Of course, this table represents only a few  archaeology sites that have produced provable times of ancient human life, and one should not discount the dates of the ones that did not produce actual human remains. Other evidence at many of the sites are compelling and in such abundance that the dates are not arguable .

    The theory goes that in Europe,  Modern man overlapped both the Neanderthal and the Cro Magnon species during a brief 18,000 years span. This overlap period, 50,000 to 32,000 years BP, could become more significant as archaeology sites in the Americas produce more dated evidence. Archaeology of the New World is beginning to push closer to the theoretical time lines of these three species of early man.   If the Old Crow site, or any other, should date 27,000 years, then the question will emerge; "Were the people Neanderthal, Homo Sapien, or a separate New World specie?"

    How does all of this relate to the Arctic Northern Region?  Well, we have that pesky theory.. that the New World was devoid of human life until the Ice Age came.

    The Beringia Theory:   A land bridge (Beringia) between Siberia and Alaska was exposed by a lowering of the World's sea levels.  Then roving bands of Asian hunters crossed the land bridge into Alaska.  These roving bands then followed the animals East and Southward to populate the central Continent, and thence into Central and South America.  This theory has held up for nearly a century and has been defended quite vigorously, until recently.

To Page 3 - Beringia and the Clovis People-- Two Dependent Paradigms

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To the Indigenous Peoples of the North Index

To Features & Maps by Bill Jones

The opinions expressed are those of the author, Bill Jones. This article is copyright ©2000 by Bill Jones.

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